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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
Fonts in X11R6.8 Fonts in X11R6.8.1
Juliusz Chroboczek, <jch@pps.jussieu.fr> Juliusz Chroboczek, <jch@pps.jussieu.fr>
@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.8. Installing fonts This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.8.1. Installing fonts
(section 2., page 1) is aimed at the casual user wishing to install fonts in (section 2., page 1) is aimed at the casual user wishing to install fonts in
X11R6.8 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail. X11R6.8.1 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail.
We assume some familiarity with digital fonts. If anything is not clear to We assume some familiarity with digital fonts. If anything is not clear to
you, please consult Appendix: Background (section 5., page 1) at the end of you, please consult Appendix: Background (section 5., page 1) at the end of
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ this document for background information.
X includes two font systems: the original core X11 fonts system, which is X includes two font systems: the original core X11 fonts system, which is
present in all implementations of X11, and the Xft fonts system, which may present in all implementations of X11, and the Xft fonts system, which may
not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on X11R6.8 not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on
but will hopefully be included by them in the future X11R6.8.1 but will hopefully be included by them in the future
The core X11 fonts system is directly derived from the fonts system included The core X11 fonts system is directly derived from the fonts system included
with X11R1 in 1987, which could only use monochrome bitmap fonts. Over the with X11R1 in 1987, which could only use monochrome bitmap fonts. Over the
@ -48,16 +48,17 @@ access newly-installed fonts.
Xft has no configuration mechanism itself, rather it relies upon the fontcon- Xft has no configuration mechanism itself, rather it relies upon the fontcon-
fig library to configure and customize fonts. That library is not specific fig library to configure and customize fonts. That library is not specific
to X11R6.8 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus- to X11R6.8.1 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus-
sion describes how fontconfig, rather than Xft, works. sion describes how fontconfig, rather than Xft, works.
2.1.1 Installing fonts in Xft 2.1.1 Installing fonts in Xft
Fontconfig looks for fonts in a set of well-known directories that include Fontconfig looks for fonts in a set of well-known directories that include
all of X11R6.8's standard font directories (`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*') all of X11R6.8.1's standard font directories
by default) as well as a directory called `.fonts/' in the user's home direc- (`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*') by default) as well as a directory called
tory. Installing a font for use by Xft applications is as simple as copying `.fonts/' in the user's home directory. Installing a font for use by Xft
a font file into one of these directories. applications is as simple as copying a font file into one of these directo-
ries.
$ cp lucbr.ttf ~/.fonts/ $ cp lucbr.ttf ~/.fonts/
@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ Anti-aliasing can be disabled for all fonts by the following incantation:
</edit> </edit>
</match> </match>
Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R6.8 should auto- Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R6.8.1 should auto-
matically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor con- matically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor con-
nected with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing nected with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing
@ -185,9 +186,9 @@ of this new directory by including it in the font path.
2.2.1 Installing bitmap fonts 2.2.1 Installing bitmap fonts
The X11R6.8 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF format The X11R6.8.1 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF for-
and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.8 also supports mat and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.8.1 also sup-
the obsolete SNF format.) ports the obsolete SNF format.)
Bitmap fonts are normally distributed in the BDF format. Before installing Bitmap fonts are normally distributed in the BDF format. Before installing
such fonts, it is desirable (but not absolutely necessary) to convert the such fonts, it is desirable (but not absolutely necessary) to convert the
@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ directory; see Setting the server font path (section 2.2.4, page 1) below.
2.2.2 Installing scalable fonts 2.2.2 Installing scalable fonts
The X11R6.8 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo, The X11R6.8.1 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo,
TrueType and CIDFont. This section only applies to the former three; for TrueType and CIDFont. This section only applies to the former three; for
information on CIDFonts, please see Installing CIDFonts (section 2.2.3, page information on CIDFonts, please see Installing CIDFonts (section 2.2.3, page
1) later in this document. 1) later in this document.
@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ CMap `UniKS-UCS2-H' is called
Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H
The CIDFont code in X11R6.8 requires a very rigid directory structure. The The CIDFont code in X11R6.8.1 requires a very rigid directory structure. The
main directory must be called `CID' (its location defaults to main directory must be called `CID' (its location defaults to
`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID' but it may be located anywhere), and it should `/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID' but it may be located anywhere), and it should
contain a subdirectory for every CID collection. Every subdirectory must contain a subdirectory for every CID collection. Every subdirectory must
@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ For best results, scalable fonts should appear in the font path before the
bitmap fonts; this way, the server will prefer bitmap fonts to scalable fonts bitmap fonts; this way, the server will prefer bitmap fonts to scalable fonts
when an exact match is possible, but will avoid scaling bitmap fonts when a when an exact match is possible, but will avoid scaling bitmap fonts when a
scalable font can be used. (The `:unscaled' hack, while still supported, scalable font can be used. (The `:unscaled' hack, while still supported,
should no longer be necessary in X11R6.8.) should no longer be necessary in X11R6.8.1.)
You may check the font path of the running server by typing the command You may check the font path of the running server by typing the command
@ -353,11 +354,11 @@ mounted font directories). If this doesn't help, it is quite possible that
you are trying to use a font in a format that is not supported by your you are trying to use a font in a format that is not supported by your
server. server.
X11R6.8 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and X11R6.8.1 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and
CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.8 servers come with all the CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.8.1 servers come with all the
font backends configured in. font backends configured in.
On most platforms, the X11R6.8 servers are modular: the font backends are On most platforms, the X11R6.8.1 servers are modular: the font backends are
included in modules that are loaded at runtime. The modules to be loaded are included in modules that are loaded at runtime. The modules to be loaded are
specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive: specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
@ -365,7 +366,7 @@ specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
If you have trouble installing fonts in a specific format, you may want to If you have trouble installing fonts in a specific format, you may want to
check the server's log file in order to see whether the relevant modules are check the server's log file in order to see whether the relevant modules are
properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.8 is as properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.8.1 is as
follows: follows:
o "bitmap": bitmap fonts (`*.bdf', `*.pcf' and `*.snf'); o "bitmap": bitmap fonts (`*.bdf', `*.pcf' and `*.snf');
@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ follows:
Please note that the argument of the `Load' directive is case-sensitive. Please note that the argument of the `Load' directive is case-sensitive.
3. Fonts included with X11R6.8 3. Fonts included with X11R6.8.1
3.1 Standard bitmap fonts 3.1 Standard bitmap fonts
@ -391,7 +392,7 @@ fonts, including the `fixed' family, and bitmap versions of Courier, Times,
Helvetica and some members of the Lucida family. In the SI, these fonts are Helvetica and some members of the Lucida family. In the SI, these fonts are
provided in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (ISO Latin Western-European). provided in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (ISO Latin Western-European).
In X11R6.8, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font In X11R6.8.1, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
files instead. At build time, these fonts are split into font files encoded files instead. At build time, these fonts are split into font files encoded
according to legacy encodings, a process which allows us to provide the stan- according to legacy encodings, a process which allows us to provide the stan-
dard fonts in a number of regional encodings with no duplication of work. dard fonts in a number of regional encodings with no duplication of work.
@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ for improved presentation of text.
3.3 Standard scalable fonts 3.3 Standard scalable fonts
X11R6.8 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6. X11R6.8.1 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
3.3.1 Standard Type 1 fonts 3.3.1 Standard Type 1 fonts
@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ and reside in the font files
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/UT*.pfa /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/UT*.pfa
Finally, X11R6.8 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and Finally, X11R6.8.1 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
Charter. These fonts have XLFD Charter. These fonts have XLFD
-bitstream-courier-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 -bitstream-courier-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
@ -503,9 +504,10 @@ and reside in the font files
3.3.2 Standard Speedo fonts 3.3.2 Standard Speedo fonts
X11R6.8 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter fonts. X11R6.8.1 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter
In order to use these fonts, you should ensure that your X server is loading fonts. In order to use these fonts, you should ensure that your X server is
the `Speedo' font backend; see Troubleshooting (section 2.2.5, page 1). loading the `Speedo' font backend; see Troubleshooting (section 2.2.5, page
1).
These fonts cover all of ISO 8859-1 and almost all of ISO 8859-2. They have These fonts cover all of ISO 8859-1 and almost all of ISO 8859-2. They have
XLFD name XLFD name
@ -519,7 +521,7 @@ and reside in the font files
3.4 The Bigelow & Holmes Luxi family 3.4 The Bigelow & Holmes Luxi family
X11R6.8 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and X11R6.8.1 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
Type 1 format. This family consists of the fonts Luxi Serif, with XLFD Type 1 format. This family consists of the fonts Luxi Serif, with XLFD
-b&h-luxi serif-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-* -b&h-luxi serif-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*
@ -565,11 +567,11 @@ For more information, please contact <design@bigelowandholmes.com> or
An earlier version of the Luxi fonts was made available under the name An earlier version of the Luxi fonts was made available under the name
Lucidux. This name should no longer be used due to trademark uncertainties, Lucidux. This name should no longer be used due to trademark uncertainties,
and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.8. and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.8.1.
4. More about core fonts 4. More about core fonts
This section describes X11R6.8-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts This section describes X11R6.8.1-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
system. system.
4.1 Core fonts and internationalisation 4.1 Core fonts and internationalisation
@ -592,8 +594,8 @@ backend) use a common fontenc layer for font re-encoding. This allows these
backends to share their encoding data, and allows simple configuration of new backends to share their encoding data, and allows simple configuration of new
locales independently of font type. locales independently of font type.
Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.8. That Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.8.1.
functionality has been merged into the FreeType backend.> That functionality has been merged into the FreeType backend.>
In the fontenc layer, an encoding is defined by a name (such as iso8859-1), In the fontenc layer, an encoding is defined by a name (such as iso8859-1),
possibly a number of aliases (alternate names), and an ordered collection of possibly a number of aliases (alternate names), and an ordered collection of
@ -652,7 +654,7 @@ option followed by the name of a directory containing encoding files, can be
used to automatically build `encodings.dir' files. Please see the mkfont- used to automatically build `encodings.dir' files. Please see the mkfont-
dir(1) manual page for more details. dir(1) manual page for more details.
A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.8. A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.8.1.
Information on writing new encoding files can be found in Format of encodings Information on writing new encoding files can be found in Format of encodings
directory files (section 4.1.3, page 1) and Format of encoding files (section directory files (section 4.1.3, page 1) and Format of encoding files (section
4.1.4, page 1) later in this document. 4.1.4, page 1) later in this document.
@ -988,7 +990,7 @@ ings, but instead uses its own database of encodings.
Since the functionalities for CJKV support introduced by X-TT have been Since the functionalities for CJKV support introduced by X-TT have been
merged into the new FreeType backend, the X-TT backend will be removed from merged into the new FreeType backend, the X-TT backend will be removed from
X11R6.8's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is X11R6.8.1's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
preferred over the X-TT backend. preferred over the X-TT backend.
General information on X-TrueType may be found at the After X-TT Project page General information on X-TrueType may be found at the After X-TT Project page
@ -1135,16 +1137,16 @@ last two fields of their XLFD set to `iso10646-1'.
6. References 6. References
X11R6.8 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and X11R6.8.1 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
typeset documents. Before installing fonts, you really should read the font- typeset documents. Before installing fonts, you really should read the font-
config(3) and mkfontdir(1) manual pages; other manual pages of interest config(3) and mkfontdir(1) manual pages; other manual pages of interest
include X(7), Xserver(1), xset(1), Xft(3), xlsfonts(1) and showfont(1). In include X(7), Xserver(1), xset(1), Xft(3), xlsfonts(1) and showfont(1). In
addition, you may want to read the X Logical Font Description document, by addition, you may want to read the X Logical Font Description document, by
Jim Flowers, which is provided in the file `xc/doc/xlfd.PS.Z'. Jim Flowers, which is provided in the file `xc/doc/xlfd.PS.Z'.
The latest released version of the X11R6.8 documentation (including this doc- The latest released version of the X11R6.8.1 documentation (including this
ument and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.8 documentation document and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.8.1 documenta-
<URL:http://wiki.x.org/>. tion <URL:http://wiki.x.org/>.
The comp.fonts FAQ <URL:http://www.netmeg.net/faq/computers/fonts/>, which is The comp.fonts FAQ <URL:http://www.netmeg.net/faq/computers/fonts/>, which is
unfortunately no longer being maintained, contains a wealth of information unfortunately no longer being maintained, contains a wealth of information
@ -1179,4 +1181,4 @@ world, often provide interesting information about character set issues; see
for example RFC 373. for example RFC 373.
$XdotOrg: xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/doc/README.fonts,v 1.3 2004/09/03 23:41:21 kem Exp $ $XdotOrg$