weston/clients/simple-vulkan.c

/*
 * Copyright © 2025 Erico Nunes
 *
 * based on simple-egl.c:
 * Copyright © 2011 Benjamin Franzke
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Arvin Schnell <arvin.schnell@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Rob Clark <rob@ti.com>
 * Copyright © 2015 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
 * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
 * Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <linux/input.h>

#include <wayland-client.h>
#include <wayland-cursor.h>

#include "fractional-scale-v1-client-protocol.h"
#include "viewporter-client-protocol.h"
#include "xdg-shell-client-protocol.h"
#include "tearing-control-v1-client-protocol.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <libweston/matrix.h>
#include "shared/helpers.h"
#include "shared/platform.h"
#include "shared/xalloc.h"

#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR
#define VK_PROTOTYPES
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include <vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h>

#define MAX_NUM_IMAGES 5
#define MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES 2

/* const uint32_t simple_vulkan_vertex_shader[]; simple_vulkan_vertex_shader.frag */
#include "simple_vulkan_vertex_shader.spv.h"

/* const uint32_t simple_vulkan_fragment_shader[]; simple_vulkan_fragment_shader.frag */
#include "simple_vulkan_fragment_shader.spv.h"

struct window;
struct seat;

struct display {
	struct wl_display *display;
	struct wl_registry *registry;
	struct wl_compositor *compositor;
	struct xdg_wm_base *wm_base;
	struct wl_seat *seat;
	struct wl_pointer *pointer;
	struct wl_touch *touch;
	struct wl_keyboard *keyboard;
	struct wl_shm *shm;
	struct wl_cursor_theme *cursor_theme;
	struct wl_cursor *default_cursor;
	struct wl_surface *cursor_surface;
	struct wp_tearing_control_manager_v1 *tearing_manager;
	struct wp_viewporter *viewporter;
	struct wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1 *fractional_scale_manager;
	struct window *window;

	struct wl_list output_list; /* struct output::link */
};

struct geometry {
	int width, height;
};

struct window_image {
	VkImageView image_view;
	VkFramebuffer framebuffer;
	VkSemaphore render_done;
};

struct window_buffer {
	VkBuffer buffer;
	VkDeviceMemory mem;
	void *map;
};

struct window_frame {
	VkSemaphore image_acquired;
	VkFence fence;
	VkCommandBuffer cmd_buffer;

	VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
	struct window_buffer ubo_buffer;
};

struct window_vulkan_pipeline {
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptor_set_layout;
	VkPipelineLayout pipeline_layout;
	VkPipeline pipeline;
};

struct window_vulkan {
	VkInstance inst;
	VkPhysicalDevice phys_dev;
	VkDevice dev;

	VkQueue queue;
	uint32_t queue_family;

	VkRenderPass renderpass;
	VkDescriptorPool descriptor_pool;
	VkCommandPool cmd_pool;

	struct window_vulkan_pipeline pipeline;

	VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
	VkPresentModeKHR present_mode;
	VkSurfaceKHR surface;

	VkFormat format;
	uint32_t image_count;
	struct window_image images[MAX_NUM_IMAGES];
	uint32_t frame_index;
	struct window_frame frames[MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES];

	struct window_buffer vertex_buffer;

	bool has_incremental_present;

	PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceWaylandPresentationSupportKHR get_wayland_presentation_support;
	PFN_vkCreateWaylandSurfaceKHR create_wayland_surface;
};

struct window {
	struct display *display;
	struct geometry window_size;
	struct geometry logical_size;
	struct geometry buffer_size;
	int32_t buffer_scale;
	double fractional_buffer_scale;
	enum wl_output_transform buffer_transform;
	bool needs_buffer_geometry_update;

	uint32_t frames;
	uint32_t initial_frame_time;
	uint32_t benchmark_time;
	struct wl_surface *surface;
	struct xdg_surface *xdg_surface;
	struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel;
	int fullscreen, maximized, opaque, delay;
	struct wp_tearing_control_v1 *tear_control;
	struct wp_viewport *viewport;
	struct wp_fractional_scale_v1 *fractional_scale_obj;
	bool tearing, toggled_tearing, tear_enabled;
	bool fullscreen_ratio;
	bool wait_for_configure;

	struct window_vulkan vk;

	struct wl_list window_output_list; /* struct window_output::link */
};

struct output {
	struct display *display;
	struct wl_output *wl_output;
	uint32_t name;
	struct wl_list link; /* struct display::output_list */
	enum wl_output_transform transform;
	int32_t scale;
};

struct window_output {
	struct output *output;
	struct wl_list link; /* struct window::window_output_list */
};

static inline void _check_vk_success(const char *file, int line, const char *func,
				     VkResult result, const char *vk_func)
{
	if (result == VK_SUCCESS)
		return;

	fprintf(stderr, "%s %d %s Error: %s failed with VkResult %d\n", file, line, func, vk_func, result);
	abort();
}
#define check_vk_success(result, vk_func) \
	_check_vk_success(__FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, (result), (vk_func))

static void pnext(void *base, void *next)
{
	VkBaseOutStructure *b = base;
	VkBaseOutStructure *n = next;
	n->pNext = b->pNext;
	b->pNext = n;
}

static int running = 1;

static int32_t
compute_buffer_scale(struct window *window)
{
	struct window_output *window_output;
	int32_t scale = 1;

	wl_list_for_each(window_output, &window->window_output_list, link) {
		if (window_output->output->scale > scale)
			scale = window_output->output->scale;
	}

	return scale;
}

static enum wl_output_transform
compute_buffer_transform(struct window *window)
{
	struct window_output *window_output;
	enum wl_output_transform transform = WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL;

	wl_list_for_each(window_output, &window->window_output_list, link) {
		/* If the surface spans over multiple outputs the optimal
		 * transform value can be ambiguous. Thus just return the value
		 * from the oldest entered output.
		 */
		transform = window_output->output->transform;
		break;
	}

	return transform;
}

static void
create_image_view(VkDevice device, VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageView *image_view)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkImageViewCreateInfo view_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
		.image = image,
		.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
		.format = format,
		.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
		.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0,
		.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1,
		.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0,
		.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1,
	};

	result = vkCreateImageView(device, &view_info, NULL, image_view);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateImageView");
}

static void
create_framebuffer(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass renderpass, VkImageView image_view,
		   uint32_t width, uint32_t height, VkFramebuffer *framebuffer)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
		.renderPass = renderpass,
		.attachmentCount = 1,
		.pAttachments = &image_view,
		.width = width,
		.height = height,
		.layers = 1,
	};

	result = vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebuffer_create_info, NULL, framebuffer);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateFramebuffer");
}

static void
create_swapchain(struct window *window)
{
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surface_caps;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(window->vk.phys_dev, window->vk.surface,
			&surface_caps);

	VkBool32 supported;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(window->vk.phys_dev, 0, window->vk.surface,
			&supported);
	assert(supported);

	uint32_t present_mode_count;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(window->vk.phys_dev,
			window->vk.surface, &present_mode_count, NULL);
	VkPresentModeKHR present_modes[present_mode_count];
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(window->vk.phys_dev,
			window->vk.surface, &present_mode_count, present_modes);

	assert(window->vk.present_mode >= 0 && window->vk.present_mode < 4);
	supported = false;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < present_mode_count; ++i) {
		if (present_modes[i] == window->vk.present_mode) {
			supported = true;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!supported) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Present mode %d unsupported\n", window->vk.present_mode);
		abort();
	}

	uint32_t min_image_count = 2;
	if (min_image_count < surface_caps.minImageCount)
		min_image_count = surface_caps.minImageCount;

	if (surface_caps.maxImageCount > 0 && min_image_count > surface_caps.maxImageCount)
		min_image_count = surface_caps.maxImageCount;

	const VkExtent2D swapchain_extent = { window->buffer_size.width, window->buffer_size.height };
	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
		.flags = 0,
		.surface = window->vk.surface,
		.minImageCount = min_image_count,
		.imageFormat = window->vk.format,
		.imageColorSpace = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR,
		.imageExtent = swapchain_extent,
		.imageArrayLayers = 1,
		.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
		.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
		.queueFamilyIndexCount = 1,
		.pQueueFamilyIndices = &window->vk.queue_family,
		.preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR,
	};
	if (surface_caps.supportedCompositeAlpha & VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR && !window->opaque)
		swapchain_create_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR;
	else
		swapchain_create_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;

	swapchain_create_info.presentMode = window->vk.present_mode;
	vkCreateSwapchainKHR(window->vk.dev, &swapchain_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.swapchain);

	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(window->vk.dev, window->vk.swapchain,
			&window->vk.image_count, NULL);
	assert(window->vk.image_count > 0);
	VkImage swapchain_images[window->vk.image_count];
	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(window->vk.dev, window->vk.swapchain,
			&window->vk.image_count, swapchain_images);

	assert(window->vk.image_count <= ARRAY_LENGTH(window->vk.images));
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < window->vk.image_count; i++) {
		VkResult result;

		create_image_view(window->vk.dev, swapchain_images[i], window->vk.format, &window->vk.images[i].image_view);
		create_framebuffer(window->vk.dev, window->vk.renderpass, window->vk.images[i].image_view,
				window->buffer_size.width, window->buffer_size.height, &window->vk.images[i].framebuffer);

		const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_create_info = {
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
		};
		result = vkCreateSemaphore(window->vk.dev, &semaphore_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.images[i].render_done);
		check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateSemaphore");
	}
}

static void
destroy_swapchain(struct window *window)
{
	vkDeviceWaitIdle(window->vk.dev);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < window->vk.image_count; i++) {
		vkDestroySemaphore(window->vk.dev, window->vk.images[i].render_done, NULL);
		vkDestroyFramebuffer(window->vk.dev, window->vk.images[i].framebuffer, NULL);
		vkDestroyImageView(window->vk.dev, window->vk.images[i].image_view, NULL);
	}

	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(window->vk.dev, window->vk.swapchain, NULL);
}

static void
recreate_swapchain(struct window *window)
{
	destroy_swapchain(window);
	create_swapchain(window);
}

static void
update_buffer_geometry(struct window *window)
{
	enum wl_output_transform new_buffer_transform;
	struct geometry new_buffer_size;
	struct geometry new_viewport_dest_size;

	new_buffer_transform = compute_buffer_transform(window);
	if (window->buffer_transform != new_buffer_transform) {
		window->buffer_transform = new_buffer_transform;
		wl_surface_set_buffer_transform(window->surface,
						window->buffer_transform);
	}

	switch (window->buffer_transform) {
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_180:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_180:
		new_buffer_size.width = window->logical_size.width;
		new_buffer_size.height = window->logical_size.height;
		break;
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_90:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_270:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_90:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_270:
		new_buffer_size.width = window->logical_size.height;
		new_buffer_size.height = window->logical_size.width;
		break;
	}

	if (window->fractional_buffer_scale > 0.0) {
		if (window->buffer_scale > 1) {
			window->buffer_scale = 1;
			wl_surface_set_buffer_scale(window->surface,
						    window->buffer_scale);
		}

		new_buffer_size.width = ceil(new_buffer_size.width *
					     window->fractional_buffer_scale);
		new_buffer_size.height = ceil(new_buffer_size.height *
					      window->fractional_buffer_scale);
	} else {
		int32_t new_buffer_scale;

		new_buffer_scale = compute_buffer_scale(window);
		if (window->buffer_scale != new_buffer_scale) {
			window->buffer_scale = new_buffer_scale;
			wl_surface_set_buffer_scale(window->surface,
						    window->buffer_scale);
		}

		new_buffer_size.width *= window->buffer_scale;
		new_buffer_size.height *= window->buffer_scale;
	}

	if (window->fullscreen && window->fullscreen_ratio) {
		int new_buffer_size_min;
		int new_viewport_dest_size_min;

		new_buffer_size_min = MIN(new_buffer_size.width,
					  new_buffer_size.height);
		new_buffer_size.width = new_buffer_size_min;
		new_buffer_size.height = new_buffer_size_min;

		new_viewport_dest_size_min = MIN(window->logical_size.width,
						 window->logical_size.height);
		new_viewport_dest_size.width = new_viewport_dest_size_min;
		new_viewport_dest_size.height = new_viewport_dest_size_min;
	} else {
		new_viewport_dest_size.width = window->logical_size.width;
		new_viewport_dest_size.height = window->logical_size.height;
	}

	if (window->buffer_size.width != new_buffer_size.width ||
	    window->buffer_size.height != new_buffer_size.height) {
		window->buffer_size = new_buffer_size;
	}

	if (window->fractional_buffer_scale > 0.0)
		wp_viewport_set_destination(window->viewport,
					    new_viewport_dest_size.width,
					    new_viewport_dest_size.height);

	window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = false;
}

static VkFormat
choose_surface_format(struct window *window)
{
	uint32_t num_formats = 0;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(window->vk.phys_dev, window->vk.surface,
			&num_formats, NULL);
	assert(num_formats > 0);

	VkSurfaceFormatKHR formats[num_formats];

	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(window->vk.phys_dev, window->vk.surface,
			&num_formats, formats);

	VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)num_formats; i++) {
		switch (formats[i].format) {
			case VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
				format = formats[i].format;
				break;
			default:
				continue;
		}
	}

	assert(format != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED);

	return format;
}

static int
find_memory_type(struct window *window, uint32_t allowed, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mem_properties;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(window->vk.phys_dev, &mem_properties);

	for (unsigned i = 0; (1u << i) <= allowed && i <= mem_properties.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
		if ((allowed & (1u << i)) && (mem_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties))
			return i;
	}
	return -1;
}

static void
create_buffer(struct window *window, VkDeviceSize size,
	      VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties,
	      VkBuffer *buffer, VkDeviceMemory *buffer_memory)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
		.size = size,
		.usage = usage,
		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
	};
	result = vkCreateBuffer(window->vk.dev, &buffer_info, NULL, buffer);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateBuffer");

	VkMemoryRequirements mem_requirements;
	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(window->vk.dev, *buffer, &mem_requirements);

	int memory_type = find_memory_type(window, mem_requirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
	assert(memory_type >= 0);

	const VkMemoryAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
		.allocationSize = mem_requirements.size,
		.memoryTypeIndex = memory_type,
	};

	result = vkAllocateMemory(window->vk.dev, &alloc_info, NULL, buffer_memory);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkAllocateMemory");

	result = vkBindBufferMemory(window->vk.dev, *buffer, *buffer_memory, 0);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkBindBufferMemory");
}

static void create_descriptor_set(struct window *window, struct window_frame *frame)
{
	struct window_vulkan_pipeline *pipeline = &window->vk.pipeline;
	VkResult result;

	const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descriptor_set_allocate_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
		.descriptorPool = window->vk.descriptor_pool,
		.descriptorSetCount = 1,
		.pSetLayouts = &pipeline->descriptor_set_layout,
	};
	result = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(window->vk.dev, &descriptor_set_allocate_info, &frame->descriptor_set);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkAllocateDescriptorSets");

	struct window_buffer *ubo_buffer = &frame->ubo_buffer;

	const VkDescriptorBufferInfo descriptor_buffer_info = {
		.buffer = ubo_buffer->buffer,
		.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
	};
	const VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptor_writes[] = {
		{
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
			.dstSet = frame->descriptor_set,
			.dstBinding = 0,
			.dstArrayElement = 0,
			.descriptorCount = 1,
			.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
			.pBufferInfo = &descriptor_buffer_info,
		},
	};

	vkUpdateDescriptorSets(window->vk.dev, ARRAY_LENGTH(descriptor_writes), descriptor_writes, 0, NULL);
}

static void create_renderpass(struct window *window)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkAttachmentDescription attachment_description = {
		.format = window->vk.format,
		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
	};
	const VkAttachmentReference attachment_reference = {
		.attachment = 0,
		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
	};
	const VkSubpassDescription subpass_description = {
		.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
		.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
		.pColorAttachments = &attachment_reference,
	};
	const VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderpass_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
		.attachmentCount = 1,
		.pAttachments = &attachment_description,
		.subpassCount = 1,
		.pSubpasses = &subpass_description,
	};

	result = vkCreateRenderPass(window->vk.dev, &renderpass_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.renderpass);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateRenderPass");
}

static void
create_descriptor_set_layout(struct window *window)
{
	struct window_vulkan_pipeline *pipeline = &window->vk.pipeline;

	VkResult result;

	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding vs_ubo_layout_binding = {
		.binding = 0,
		.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
		.descriptorCount = 1,
		.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
	};
	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding bindings[] = {
		vs_ubo_layout_binding,
	};
	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layout_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
		.bindingCount = ARRAY_LENGTH(bindings),
		.pBindings = bindings,
	};

	result = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(window->vk.dev, &layout_info, NULL, &pipeline->descriptor_set_layout);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
}

static void
create_pipeline(struct window *window)
{
	struct window_vulkan_pipeline *pipeline = &window->vk.pipeline;
	VkResult result;

	VkShaderModule vs_module;
	const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo vs_shader_module_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
		.codeSize = sizeof(simple_vulkan_vertex_shader),
		.pCode = (uint32_t *)simple_vulkan_vertex_shader,
	};
	vkCreateShaderModule(window->vk.dev, &vs_shader_module_create_info, NULL, &vs_module);

	VkShaderModule fs_module;
	const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo fs_shader_module_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
		.codeSize = sizeof(simple_vulkan_fragment_shader),
		.pCode = (uint32_t *)simple_vulkan_fragment_shader,
	};
	vkCreateShaderModule(window->vk.dev, &fs_shader_module_create_info, NULL, &fs_module);

	const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo pipeline_vertex_input_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 2,
		.pVertexBindingDescriptions = (VkVertexInputBindingDescription[]) {
			{
				.binding = 0,
				.stride = 3 * sizeof(float),
				.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX
			},
			{
				.binding = 1,
				.stride = 3 * sizeof(float),
				.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX
			},
		},
		.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 2,
		.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = (VkVertexInputAttributeDescription[]) {
			{
				.location = 0,
				.binding = 0,
				.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				.offset = 0
			},
			{
				.location = 1,
				.binding = 1,
				.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				.offset = 0
			},
		}
	};
	const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo pipeline_input_assembly_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
		.primitiveRestartEnable = false,
	};
	const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo pipeline_viewport_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.viewportCount = 1,
		.scissorCount = 1,
	};
	const VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo pipeline_rasterization_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.rasterizerDiscardEnable = false,
		.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
		.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE,
		.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
		.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
		.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
		.lineWidth = 1.0f,
	};
	const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo pipeline_multisample_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.rasterizationSamples = 1,
	};
	const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo pipeline_color_blend_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.attachmentCount = 1,
		.pAttachments = (VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState []) {
			{ .colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT |
				VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT |
					VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
					VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT },
		}
	};
	const VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo pipeline_dynamic_state_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
		.dynamicStateCount = 2,
		.pDynamicStates = (VkDynamicState[]) {
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
		},
	};

	const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
		.setLayoutCount = 1,
		.pSetLayouts = &pipeline->descriptor_set_layout,
	};
	result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(window->vk.dev, &pipeline_layout_create_info, NULL, &pipeline->pipeline_layout);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreatePipelineLayout");

	const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo graphics_pipeline_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
		.stageCount = 2,
		.pStages = (VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo[]) {
			{
				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
				.module = vs_module,
				.pName = "main",
			},
			{
				.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
				.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
				.module = fs_module,
				.pName = "main",
			},
		},
		.pVertexInputState = &pipeline_vertex_input_state_create_info,
		.pInputAssemblyState = &pipeline_input_assembly_state_create_info,
		.pViewportState = &pipeline_viewport_state_create_info,
		.pRasterizationState = &pipeline_rasterization_state_create_info,
		.pMultisampleState = &pipeline_multisample_state_create_info,
		.pColorBlendState = &pipeline_color_blend_state_create_info,
		.pDynamicState = &pipeline_dynamic_state_create_info,

		.flags = 0,
		.layout = pipeline->pipeline_layout,
		.renderPass = window->vk.renderpass,
		.subpass = 0,
	};
	result = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(window->vk.dev, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &graphics_pipeline_create_info, NULL, &pipeline->pipeline);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines");

	vkDestroyShaderModule(window->vk.dev, fs_module, NULL);
	vkDestroyShaderModule(window->vk.dev, vs_module, NULL);
}

static void create_vertex_buffer(struct window *window)
{
	VkResult result;

	/* This can be created statically and shared across
	 * frames since it doesn't change at all */
	const float vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0,
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0,
		 0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0,
	};
	const float colors[] = {
		1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
	};

	uint32_t vertex_buffer_size = sizeof(vertices) + sizeof(colors);

	create_buffer(window, vertex_buffer_size,
		      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
		      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
		      &window->vk.vertex_buffer.buffer, &window->vk.vertex_buffer.mem);

	result = vkMapMemory(window->vk.dev, window->vk.vertex_buffer.mem, 0, vertex_buffer_size, 0, &window->vk.vertex_buffer.map);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkMapMemory");

	memcpy(window->vk.vertex_buffer.map, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
	memcpy(window->vk.vertex_buffer.map + sizeof(vertices), colors, sizeof(colors));
}

static void
create_descriptor_pool(struct window *window, VkDescriptorPool *descriptor_pool,
		       uint32_t base_count, uint32_t maxsets)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[] = {
		{
			.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
			.descriptorCount = 1 * base_count,
		},
	};

	const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
		.poolSizeCount = ARRAY_LENGTH(pool_sizes),
		.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes,
		.maxSets = maxsets,
	};

	result = vkCreateDescriptorPool(window->vk.dev, &pool_info, NULL, descriptor_pool);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateDescriptorPool");
}

static bool
check_extension(const VkExtensionProperties *avail, uint32_t avail_len, const char *name)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < avail_len; i++) {
		if (strcmp(avail[i].extensionName, name) == 0) {
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

static void
load_inst_proc(struct window *window, const char *func, void *proc_ptr)
{
	void *proc = (void *)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(window->vk.inst, func);
	if (proc == NULL) {
		char err[256];
		snprintf(err, sizeof(err), "Failed to vkGetInstanceProcAddr %s\n", func);
		err[sizeof(err)-1] = '\0';
		fprintf(stderr, "%s", err);
		abort();
	}

	*(void **)proc_ptr = proc;
}

static void
create_instance(struct window *window)
{
	uint32_t num_avail_inst_extns;
	uint32_t num_inst_extns = 0;
	VkResult result;

	result = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &num_avail_inst_extns, NULL);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
	assert(num_avail_inst_extns > 0);
	VkExtensionProperties *avail_inst_extns = xmalloc(num_avail_inst_extns * sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
	result = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &num_avail_inst_extns, avail_inst_extns);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");

	const char **inst_extns = xmalloc(num_avail_inst_extns * sizeof(*inst_extns));
	inst_extns[num_inst_extns++] = VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME;
	inst_extns[num_inst_extns++] = VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_CAPABILITIES_EXTENSION_NAME;
	inst_extns[num_inst_extns++] = VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME;
	inst_extns[num_inst_extns++] = VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;
	inst_extns[num_inst_extns++] = VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_inst_extns; i++) {
		uint32_t j;
		for (j = 0; j < num_avail_inst_extns; j++) {
			if (strcmp(inst_extns[i], avail_inst_extns[j].extensionName) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (j == num_avail_inst_extns) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported instance extension: %s\n", inst_extns[i]);
			abort();
		}
	}

	const VkApplicationInfo app_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
		.pApplicationName = "simple-vulkan",
		.apiVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
	};

	const VkInstanceCreateInfo inst_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
		.pApplicationInfo = &app_info,
		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = inst_extns,
		.enabledExtensionCount = num_inst_extns,
	};

	result = vkCreateInstance(&inst_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.inst);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateInstance");

	load_inst_proc(window, "vkCreateWaylandSurfaceKHR", &window->vk.create_wayland_surface);
	load_inst_proc(window, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceWaylandPresentationSupportKHR", &window->vk.get_wayland_presentation_support);

	free(avail_inst_extns);
	free(inst_extns);
}

static void
choose_physical_device(struct window *window)
{
	uint32_t n_phys_devs;
	VkPhysicalDevice *phys_devs = NULL;
	VkResult result;

	result = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(window->vk.inst, &n_phys_devs, NULL);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices");
	assert(n_phys_devs != 0);
	phys_devs = xmalloc(n_phys_devs * sizeof(*phys_devs));
	result = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(window->vk.inst, &n_phys_devs, phys_devs);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices");

	VkPhysicalDevice physical_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	/* Pick the first one */
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_phys_devs; ++i) {
		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;

		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(phys_devs[i], &props);

		if (physical_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
			physical_device = phys_devs[i];
			break;
		}
	}

	if (physical_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find a suitable physical device\n");
		abort();
	}

	window->vk.phys_dev = physical_device;

	free(phys_devs);
}

static void
choose_queue_family(struct window *window)
{
	uint32_t n_props = 0;
	VkQueueFamilyProperties *props = NULL;

	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(window->vk.phys_dev, &n_props, NULL);
	props = xmalloc(n_props * sizeof(*props));
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(window->vk.phys_dev, &n_props, props);

	uint32_t family_idx = UINT32_MAX;
	/* Pick the first graphics queue */
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_props; ++i) {
		if ((props[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) && props[i].queueCount > 0) {
			family_idx = i;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (family_idx == UINT32_MAX) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Physical device exposes no queue with graphics\n");
		abort();
	}

	window->vk.queue_family = family_idx;

	free(props);
}

static void
create_device(struct window *window)
{
	uint32_t num_avail_device_extns;
	uint32_t num_device_extns = 0;
	VkResult result;

	result = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(window->vk.phys_dev, NULL, &num_avail_device_extns, NULL);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");
	VkExtensionProperties *avail_device_extns = xmalloc(num_avail_device_extns * sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
	result = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(window->vk.phys_dev, NULL, &num_avail_device_extns, avail_device_extns);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");

	const char **device_extns = xmalloc(num_avail_device_extns * sizeof(*device_extns));
	device_extns[num_device_extns++] = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;

	if (check_extension(avail_device_extns, num_avail_device_extns, VK_KHR_INCREMENTAL_PRESENT_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
		device_extns[num_device_extns++] = VK_KHR_INCREMENTAL_PRESENT_EXTENSION_NAME;
		window->vk.has_incremental_present = true;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_device_extns; i++) {
		uint32_t j;
		for (j = 0; j < num_avail_device_extns; j++) {
			if (strcmp(device_extns[i], avail_device_extns[j].extensionName) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (j == num_avail_device_extns) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported device extension: %s\n", device_extns[i]);
			abort();
		}
	}

	const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo device_queue_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
		.queueFamilyIndex = window->vk.queue_family,
		.queueCount = 1,
		.pQueuePriorities = (float[]){ 1.0f },
	};

	const VkDeviceCreateInfo device_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
		.queueCreateInfoCount = 1,
		.pQueueCreateInfos = &device_queue_info,
		.enabledExtensionCount = num_device_extns,
		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = device_extns,
	};

	result = vkCreateDevice(window->vk.phys_dev, &device_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.dev);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateDevice");

	free(avail_device_extns);
	free(device_extns);
}

static void
init_vulkan(struct window *window)
{
	VkResult result;

	if (window->needs_buffer_geometry_update)
		update_buffer_geometry(window);

	create_instance(window);

	choose_physical_device(window);

	choose_queue_family(window);

	create_device(window);

	vkGetDeviceQueue(window->vk.dev, 0, 0, &window->vk.queue);

	if (!window->vk.get_wayland_presentation_support(window->vk.phys_dev, 0,
				window->display->display)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Vulkan not supported on given Wayland surface");
	}

	const VkWaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR wayland_surface_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WAYLAND_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
		.display = window->display->display,
		.surface = window->surface,
	};
	result = window->vk.create_wayland_surface(window->vk.inst, &wayland_surface_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.surface);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateWaylandSurfaceKHR");

	window->vk.format = choose_surface_format(window);

	create_renderpass(window);
	create_descriptor_set_layout(window);
	create_pipeline(window);

	create_vertex_buffer(window);

	create_descriptor_pool(window, &window->vk.descriptor_pool, MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES, MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES);

	const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_create_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
		.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT | VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT,
		.queueFamilyIndex = window->vk.queue_family,
	};
	result = vkCreateCommandPool(window->vk.dev, &cmd_pool_create_info, NULL, &window->vk.cmd_pool);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateCommandPool");

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES; ++i) {
		struct window_frame *frame = &window->vk.frames[i];

		const VkFenceCreateInfo fence_create_info = {
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
			.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT
		};
		result = vkCreateFence(window->vk.dev, &fence_create_info, NULL, &frame->fence);
		check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateFence");

		const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd_alloc_info = {
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
			.commandPool = window->vk.cmd_pool,
			.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
			.commandBufferCount = 1,
		};
		result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(window->vk.dev, &cmd_alloc_info, &frame->cmd_buffer);
		check_vk_success(result, "vkAllocateCommandBuffers");

		const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_create_info = {
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
		};
		result = vkCreateSemaphore(window->vk.dev, &semaphore_create_info, NULL, &frame->image_acquired);
		check_vk_success(result, "vkCreateSemaphore");

		struct window_buffer *ubo_buffer = &frame->ubo_buffer;

		uint32_t ubo_size = sizeof(float[16]);

		create_buffer(window, ubo_size,
			      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			      &ubo_buffer->buffer, &ubo_buffer->mem);

		result = vkMapMemory(window->vk.dev, ubo_buffer->mem, 0, ubo_size, 0, &ubo_buffer->map);
		check_vk_success(result, "vkMapMemory");

		create_descriptor_set(window, frame);
	}

	if (window->vk.has_incremental_present)
		printf("has %s\n", VK_KHR_INCREMENTAL_PRESENT_EXTENSION_NAME);
}

static void
fini_vulkan(struct window *window)
{
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES; ++i) {
		struct window_frame *frame = &window->vk.frames[i];
		vkDestroySemaphore(window->vk.dev, frame->image_acquired, NULL);
		vkFreeCommandBuffers(window->vk.dev, window->vk.cmd_pool, 1, &frame->cmd_buffer);
		vkDestroyFence(window->vk.dev, frame->fence, NULL);

		struct window_buffer *ubo_buffer = &frame->ubo_buffer;
		vkUnmapMemory(window->vk.dev, ubo_buffer->mem);
		vkDestroyBuffer(window->vk.dev, ubo_buffer->buffer, NULL);
		vkFreeMemory(window->vk.dev, ubo_buffer->mem, NULL);
	}

	struct window_vulkan_pipeline *pipeline = &window->vk.pipeline;
	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(window->vk.dev, pipeline->pipeline_layout, NULL);
	vkDestroyPipeline(window->vk.dev, pipeline->pipeline, NULL);
	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(window->vk.dev, pipeline->descriptor_set_layout, NULL);
	vkDestroyRenderPass(window->vk.dev, window->vk.renderpass, NULL);

	vkDestroyDescriptorPool(window->vk.dev, window->vk.descriptor_pool, NULL);

	vkUnmapMemory(window->vk.dev, window->vk.vertex_buffer.mem);
	vkDestroyBuffer(window->vk.dev, window->vk.vertex_buffer.buffer, NULL);
	vkFreeMemory(window->vk.dev, window->vk.vertex_buffer.mem, NULL);

	vkDestroyCommandPool(window->vk.dev, window->vk.cmd_pool, NULL);

	vkDestroyDevice(window->vk.dev, NULL);

	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(window->vk.inst, window->vk.surface, NULL);
	vkDestroyInstance(window->vk.inst, NULL);
}

static void
handle_surface_configure(void *data, struct xdg_surface *surface,
			 uint32_t serial)
{
	struct window *window = data;

	xdg_surface_ack_configure(surface, serial);

	window->wait_for_configure = false;
}

static const struct xdg_surface_listener xdg_surface_listener = {
	handle_surface_configure
};

static void
handle_toplevel_configure(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *toplevel,
			  int32_t width, int32_t height,
			  struct wl_array *states)
{
	struct window *window = data;
	uint32_t *p;

	window->fullscreen = 0;
	window->maximized = 0;
	wl_array_for_each(p, states) {
		uint32_t state = *p;
		switch (state) {
		case XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_FULLSCREEN:
			window->fullscreen = 1;
			break;
		case XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_MAXIMIZED:
			window->maximized = 1;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
		if (!window->fullscreen && !window->maximized) {
			window->window_size.width = width;
			window->window_size.height = height;
		}
		window->logical_size.width = width;
		window->logical_size.height = height;
	} else if (!window->fullscreen && !window->maximized) {
		window->logical_size = window->window_size;
	}

	window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
}

static void
handle_toplevel_close(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel)
{
	running = 0;
}

static const struct xdg_toplevel_listener xdg_toplevel_listener = {
	handle_toplevel_configure,
	handle_toplevel_close,
};

static void
add_window_output(struct window *window, struct wl_output *wl_output)
{
	struct output *output;
	struct output *output_found = NULL;
	struct window_output *window_output;

	wl_list_for_each(output, &window->display->output_list, link) {
		if (output->wl_output == wl_output) {
			output_found = output;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!output_found)
		return;

	window_output = xmalloc(sizeof *window_output);
	window_output->output = output_found;

	wl_list_insert(window->window_output_list.prev, &window_output->link);
	window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
}

static void
destroy_window_output(struct window *window, struct wl_output *wl_output)
{
	struct window_output *window_output;
	struct window_output *window_output_found = NULL;

	wl_list_for_each(window_output, &window->window_output_list, link) {
		if (window_output->output->wl_output == wl_output) {
			window_output_found = window_output;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (window_output_found) {
		wl_list_remove(&window_output_found->link);
		free(window_output_found);
		window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
	}
}

static void
draw_triangle(struct window *window, struct window_frame *frame, struct window_image *image)
{
	VkResult result;

	const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo command_buffer_begin_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
		.flags = 0
	};

	VkCommandBuffer cmd_buffer = frame->cmd_buffer;
	result = vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmd_buffer, &command_buffer_begin_info);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkBeginCommandBuffer");

	const VkClearValue clear_color = {{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f}}};
	const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderpass_begin_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
		.renderPass = window->vk.renderpass,
		.framebuffer = image->framebuffer,
		.renderArea.offset = {0, 0},
		.renderArea.extent = { window->buffer_size.width, window->buffer_size.height },
		.clearValueCount = 1,
		.pClearValues = &clear_color,
	};
	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(cmd_buffer, &renderpass_begin_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

	const VkBuffer buffers[] = {
		window->vk.vertex_buffer.buffer,
		window->vk.vertex_buffer.buffer,
	};
	const VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {
		0,
		3 * sizeof(float[3]),
	};
	vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd_buffer, 0, ARRAY_LENGTH(buffers), buffers, offsets);

	struct window_vulkan_pipeline *pipeline = &window->vk.pipeline;
	vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline->pipeline);

	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmd_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
				pipeline->pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &frame->descriptor_set, 0, NULL);

	const VkViewport viewport = {
		.x = 0,
		.y = 0,
		.width = window->buffer_size.width,
		.height = window->buffer_size.height,
		.minDepth = 0,
		.maxDepth = 1,
	};
	vkCmdSetViewport(cmd_buffer, 0, 1, &viewport);

	const VkRect2D scissor = {
		.offset = { 0, 0 },
		.extent = { window->buffer_size.width, window->buffer_size.height },
	};
	vkCmdSetScissor(cmd_buffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

	vkCmdDraw(cmd_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);

	vkCmdEndRenderPass(cmd_buffer);

	result = vkEndCommandBuffer(cmd_buffer);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkEndCommandBuffer");

	const VkPipelineStageFlags wait_stages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
	const VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
		.pWaitSemaphores = &frame->image_acquired,
		.pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stages,
		.commandBufferCount = 1,
		.pCommandBuffers = &cmd_buffer,
		.signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
		.pSignalSemaphores = &image->render_done,
	};

	result = vkQueueSubmit(window->vk.queue, 1, &submit_info, frame->fence);
	check_vk_success(result, "vkQueueSubmit");
}

static void
set_tearing(struct window *window, bool enable)
{
	if (!window->tear_control)
		return;

	if (enable) {
		wp_tearing_control_v1_set_presentation_hint(window->tear_control,
							    WP_TEARING_CONTROL_V1_PRESENTATION_HINT_ASYNC);
	} else {
		wp_tearing_control_v1_set_presentation_hint(window->tear_control,
							    WP_TEARING_CONTROL_V1_PRESENTATION_HINT_VSYNC);
	}
	window->tear_enabled = enable;
}

static void
surface_enter(void *data,
	      struct wl_surface *wl_surface, struct wl_output *wl_output)
{
	struct window *window = data;

	add_window_output(window, wl_output);
}

static void
surface_leave(void *data,
	      struct wl_surface *wl_surface, struct wl_output *wl_output)
{
	struct window *window = data;

	destroy_window_output(window, wl_output);
}

static const struct wl_surface_listener surface_listener = {
	surface_enter,
	surface_leave
};

static void fractional_scale_handle_preferred_scale(void *data,
						    struct wp_fractional_scale_v1 *info,
						    uint32_t wire_scale) {
	struct window *window = data;

	window->fractional_buffer_scale = wire_scale / 120.0;
	window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
}

static const struct wp_fractional_scale_v1_listener fractional_scale_listener = {
	.preferred_scale = fractional_scale_handle_preferred_scale,
};

static void
create_surface(struct window *window)
{
	struct display *display = window->display;

	window->surface = wl_compositor_create_surface(display->compositor);
	wl_surface_add_listener(window->surface, &surface_listener, window);

	if (display->tearing_manager && window->tearing) {
		window->tear_control = wp_tearing_control_manager_v1_get_tearing_control(
			display->tearing_manager,
			window->surface);
		set_tearing(window, true);
	}

	window->xdg_surface = xdg_wm_base_get_xdg_surface(display->wm_base,
							  window->surface);
	xdg_surface_add_listener(window->xdg_surface,
				 &xdg_surface_listener, window);

	window->xdg_toplevel =
		xdg_surface_get_toplevel(window->xdg_surface);
	xdg_toplevel_add_listener(window->xdg_toplevel,
				  &xdg_toplevel_listener, window);

	xdg_toplevel_set_title(window->xdg_toplevel, "simple-vulkan");
	xdg_toplevel_set_app_id(window->xdg_toplevel,
			"org.freedesktop.weston.simple-vulkan");

	if (window->fullscreen)
		xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen(window->xdg_toplevel, NULL);
	else if (window->maximized)
		xdg_toplevel_set_maximized(window->xdg_toplevel);

	if (display->viewporter && display->fractional_scale_manager) {
		window->viewport = wp_viewporter_get_viewport(display->viewporter,
							      window->surface);
		window->fractional_scale_obj =
			wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1_get_fractional_scale(display->fractional_scale_manager,
									    window->surface);
		wp_fractional_scale_v1_add_listener(window->fractional_scale_obj,
						    &fractional_scale_listener,
						    window);
	}

	window->wait_for_configure = true;
	wl_surface_commit(window->surface);
}

static void
destroy_surface(struct window *window)
{
	if (window->xdg_toplevel)
		xdg_toplevel_destroy(window->xdg_toplevel);
	if (window->xdg_surface)
		xdg_surface_destroy(window->xdg_surface);
	if (window->viewport)
		wp_viewport_destroy(window->viewport);
	if (window->fractional_scale_obj)
		wp_fractional_scale_v1_destroy(window->fractional_scale_obj);
	wl_surface_destroy(window->surface);
}

static void
redraw(struct window *window)
{
	float angle;
	struct weston_matrix rotation;
	static const uint32_t speed_div = 5, benchmark_interval = 5;
	struct timeval tv;
	VkResult result;

	if (window->needs_buffer_geometry_update) {
		update_buffer_geometry(window);
		recreate_swapchain(window);
	}

	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
	uint32_t time = tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000;
	if (window->frames == 0) {
		window->initial_frame_time = time;
		window->benchmark_time = time;
	}
	if (time - window->benchmark_time > (benchmark_interval * 1000)) {
		printf("%d frames in %d seconds: %f fps\n",
		       window->frames,
		       benchmark_interval,
		       (float) window->frames / benchmark_interval);
		window->benchmark_time = time;
		window->frames = 0;
		if (window->toggled_tearing)
			set_tearing(window, window->tear_enabled ^ true);
	}

	weston_matrix_init(&rotation);

	angle = ((time - window->initial_frame_time) / speed_div)
		% 360 * M_PI / 180.0;

	rotation.M.col[0].el[0] =  cos(angle);
	rotation.M.col[0].el[2] =  sin(angle);
	rotation.M.col[2].el[0] = -sin(angle);
	rotation.M.col[2].el[2] =  cos(angle);

	/* Flip from OpenGL to Vulkan coordinates */
	weston_matrix_scale(&rotation, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);

	/* Keep it inside the Vulkan clip volume (z 0..1) */
	weston_matrix_translate(&rotation, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5);

	switch (window->buffer_transform) {
	default:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED:
		break;
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_90:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_90:
		weston_matrix_rotate_xy(&rotation, 0, 1);
		break;
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_180:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_180:
		weston_matrix_rotate_xy(&rotation, -1, 0);
		break;
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_270:
	case WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_FLIPPED_270:
		weston_matrix_rotate_xy(&rotation, 0, -1);
		break;
	}

	struct window_frame *frame = &window->vk.frames[window->vk.frame_index];

	memcpy(frame->ubo_buffer.map, &rotation.M.colmaj, sizeof(rotation.M.colmaj));

	assert(window->vk.frame_index < ARRAY_LENGTH(window->vk.frames));
	vkWaitForFences(window->vk.dev, 1, &frame->fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
	vkResetFences(window->vk.dev, 1, &frame->fence);

	uint32_t image_index;
	result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(window->vk.dev, window->vk.swapchain, UINT64_MAX,
				       frame->image_acquired, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &image_index);
	if (result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
		recreate_swapchain(window);
		return;
	}
	assert(result == VK_SUCCESS);

	assert(image_index < ARRAY_LENGTH(window->vk.images));

	struct window_image *image = &window->vk.images[image_index];

	draw_triangle(window, frame, image);

	VkPresentInfoKHR present_info = {
		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
		.pWaitSemaphores = &image->render_done,
		.swapchainCount = 1,
		.pSwapchains = &window->vk.swapchain,
		.pImageIndices = &image_index,
		.pResults = NULL,
	};

	if (window->vk.has_incremental_present) {
		const VkRectLayerKHR rect = {
			.offset = {
				window->buffer_size.width / 4 - 1,
				window->buffer_size.height / 4 - 1
			},
			.extent = {
				window->buffer_size.width / 2 + 2,
				window->buffer_size.height / 2 + 2
			},
		};
		const VkPresentRegionKHR region = {
			.rectangleCount = 1,
			.pRectangles = &rect,
		};
		VkPresentRegionsKHR present_regions = {
			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_REGIONS_KHR,
			.swapchainCount = 1,
			.pRegions = &region,
		};
		pnext(&present_info, &present_regions);

		result = vkQueuePresentKHR(window->vk.queue, &present_info);
	} else {
		result = vkQueuePresentKHR(window->vk.queue, &present_info);
	}

	if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
		return;
	if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
		recreate_swapchain(window);
		return;
	} else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
		assert(0);
	}

	window->frames++;
	window->vk.frame_index = (window->vk.frame_index + 1) % MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAMES;
}

static void
pointer_handle_enter(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer,
		     uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface,
		     wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy)
{
	struct display *display = data;
	struct wl_buffer *buffer;
	struct wl_cursor *cursor = display->default_cursor;
	struct wl_cursor_image *image;

	if (display->window->fullscreen)
		wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial, NULL, 0, 0);
	else if (cursor) {
		image = display->default_cursor->images[0];
		buffer = wl_cursor_image_get_buffer(image);
		if (!buffer)
			return;
		wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial,
				      display->cursor_surface,
				      image->hotspot_x,
				      image->hotspot_y);
		wl_surface_attach(display->cursor_surface, buffer, 0, 0);
		wl_surface_damage(display->cursor_surface, 0, 0,
				  image->width, image->height);
		wl_surface_commit(display->cursor_surface);
	}
}

static void
pointer_handle_leave(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer,
		     uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface)
{
}

static void
pointer_handle_motion(void *data, struct wl_pointer *pointer,
		      uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy)
{
}

static void
pointer_handle_button(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
		      uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button,
		      uint32_t state)
{
	struct display *display = data;

	if (!display->window->xdg_toplevel)
		return;

	if (button == BTN_LEFT && state == WL_POINTER_BUTTON_STATE_PRESSED)
		xdg_toplevel_move(display->window->xdg_toplevel,
				  display->seat, serial);
}

static void
pointer_handle_axis(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer,
		    uint32_t time, uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value)
{
}

static const struct wl_pointer_listener pointer_listener = {
	pointer_handle_enter,
	pointer_handle_leave,
	pointer_handle_motion,
	pointer_handle_button,
	pointer_handle_axis,
};

static void
touch_handle_down(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch,
		  uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, struct wl_surface *surface,
		  int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x_w, wl_fixed_t y_w)
{
	struct display *d = (struct display *)data;

	if (!d->wm_base)
		return;

	xdg_toplevel_move(d->window->xdg_toplevel, d->seat, serial);
}

static void
touch_handle_up(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch,
		uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, int32_t id)
{
}

static void
touch_handle_motion(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch,
		    uint32_t time, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x_w, wl_fixed_t y_w)
{
}

static void
touch_handle_frame(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch)
{
}

static void
touch_handle_cancel(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch)
{
}

static const struct wl_touch_listener touch_listener = {
	touch_handle_down,
	touch_handle_up,
	touch_handle_motion,
	touch_handle_frame,
	touch_handle_cancel,
};

static void
keyboard_handle_keymap(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
		       uint32_t format, int fd, uint32_t size)
{
	/* Just so we don’t leak the keymap fd */
	close(fd);
}

static void
keyboard_handle_enter(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
		      uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface,
		      struct wl_array *keys)
{
}

static void
keyboard_handle_leave(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
		      uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface)
{
}

static void
keyboard_handle_key(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
		    uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t key,
		    uint32_t state)
{
	struct display *d = data;

	if (!d->wm_base)
		return;

	if (key == KEY_F11 && state) {
		if (d->window->fullscreen)
			xdg_toplevel_unset_fullscreen(d->window->xdg_toplevel);
		else
			xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen(d->window->xdg_toplevel, NULL);
	} else if (key == KEY_ESC && state)
		running = 0;
}

static void
keyboard_handle_modifiers(void *data, struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
			  uint32_t serial, uint32_t mods_depressed,
			  uint32_t mods_latched, uint32_t mods_locked,
			  uint32_t group)
{
}

static const struct wl_keyboard_listener keyboard_listener = {
	keyboard_handle_keymap,
	keyboard_handle_enter,
	keyboard_handle_leave,
	keyboard_handle_key,
	keyboard_handle_modifiers,
};

static void
seat_handle_capabilities(void *data, struct wl_seat *seat,
			 enum wl_seat_capability caps)
{
	struct display *d = data;

	if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && !d->pointer) {
		d->pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(seat);
		wl_pointer_add_listener(d->pointer, &pointer_listener, d);
	} else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && d->pointer) {
		wl_pointer_destroy(d->pointer);
		d->pointer = NULL;
	}

	if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) && !d->keyboard) {
		d->keyboard = wl_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
		wl_keyboard_add_listener(d->keyboard, &keyboard_listener, d);
	} else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) && d->keyboard) {
		wl_keyboard_destroy(d->keyboard);
		d->keyboard = NULL;
	}

	if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_TOUCH) && !d->touch) {
		d->touch = wl_seat_get_touch(seat);
		wl_touch_set_user_data(d->touch, d);
		wl_touch_add_listener(d->touch, &touch_listener, d);
	} else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_TOUCH) && d->touch) {
		wl_touch_destroy(d->touch);
		d->touch = NULL;
	}
}

static const struct wl_seat_listener seat_listener = {
	seat_handle_capabilities,
};

static void
xdg_wm_base_ping(void *data, struct xdg_wm_base *shell, uint32_t serial)
{
	xdg_wm_base_pong(shell, serial);
}

static const struct xdg_wm_base_listener wm_base_listener = {
	xdg_wm_base_ping,
};

static void
display_handle_geometry(void *data,
			struct wl_output *wl_output,
			int32_t x, int32_t y,
			int32_t physical_width,
			int32_t physical_height,
			int32_t subpixel,
			const char *make,
			const char *model,
			int32_t transform)
{
	struct output *output = data;

	output->transform = transform;
	output->display->window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
}

static void
display_handle_mode(void *data,
		    struct wl_output *wl_output,
		    uint32_t flags,
		    int32_t width,
		    int32_t height,
		    int32_t refresh)
{
}

static void
display_handle_done(void *data,
		     struct wl_output *wl_output)
{
}

static void
display_handle_scale(void *data,
		     struct wl_output *wl_output,
		     int32_t scale)
{
	struct output *output = data;

	output->scale = scale;
	output->display->window->needs_buffer_geometry_update = true;
}

static const struct wl_output_listener output_listener = {
	display_handle_geometry,
	display_handle_mode,
	display_handle_done,
	display_handle_scale
};

static void
display_add_output(struct display *d, uint32_t name)
{
	struct output *output;

	output = xzalloc(sizeof *output);
	output->display = d;
	output->scale = 1;
	output->wl_output =
		wl_registry_bind(d->registry, name, &wl_output_interface, 2);
	output->name = name;
	wl_list_insert(d->output_list.prev, &output->link);

	wl_output_add_listener(output->wl_output, &output_listener, output);
}

static void
display_destroy_output(struct display *d, struct output *output)
{
	destroy_window_output(d->window, output->wl_output);
	wl_output_destroy(output->wl_output);
	wl_list_remove(&output->link);
	free(output);
}

static void
display_destroy_outputs(struct display *d)
{
	struct output *tmp;
	struct output *output;

	wl_list_for_each_safe(output, tmp, &d->output_list, link)
		display_destroy_output(d, output);
}

static void
registry_handle_global(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry,
		       uint32_t name, const char *interface, uint32_t version)
{
	struct display *d = data;

	if (strcmp(interface, wl_compositor_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->compositor =
			wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
					 &wl_compositor_interface,
					 MIN(version, 4));
	} else if (strcmp(interface, xdg_wm_base_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->wm_base = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
					      &xdg_wm_base_interface, 1);
		xdg_wm_base_add_listener(d->wm_base, &wm_base_listener, d);
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wl_seat_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->seat = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
					   &wl_seat_interface, 1);
		wl_seat_add_listener(d->seat, &seat_listener, d);
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wl_shm_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->shm = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
					  &wl_shm_interface, 1);
		d->cursor_theme = wl_cursor_theme_load(NULL, 32, d->shm);
		if (!d->cursor_theme) {
			fprintf(stderr, "unable to load default theme\n");
			return;
		}
		d->default_cursor =
			wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor(d->cursor_theme, "left_ptr");
		if (!d->default_cursor) {
			fprintf(stderr, "unable to load default left pointer\n");
			// TODO: abort ?
		}
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wl_output_interface.name) == 0 && version >= 2) {
		display_add_output(d, name);
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wp_tearing_control_manager_v1_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->tearing_manager = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
						      &wp_tearing_control_manager_v1_interface,
						      1);
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wp_viewporter_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->viewporter = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
						 &wp_viewporter_interface,
						 1);
	} else if (strcmp(interface, wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1_interface.name) == 0) {
		d->fractional_scale_manager =
			wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
					 &wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1_interface,
					 1);
	}
}

static void
registry_handle_global_remove(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry,
			      uint32_t name)
{
	struct display *d = data;
	struct output *output;

	wl_list_for_each(output, &d->output_list, link) {
		if (output->name == name) {
			display_destroy_output(d, output);
			break;
		}
	}
}

static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = {
	registry_handle_global,
	registry_handle_global_remove
};

static void
signal_int(int signum)
{
	running = 0;
}

static void
usage(int error_code)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: simple-vulkan [OPTIONS]\n\n"
		"  -d <us>\tBuffer swap delay in microseconds\n"
		"  -p <presentation mode>\tSet presentation mode\n"
		"     immediate = 0\n"
		"     mailbox = 1\n"
		"     fifo = 2 (default)\n"
		"     fifo_relaxed = 3\n"
		"  -f\tRun in fullscreen mode\n"
		"  -r\tUse fixed width/height ratio when run in fullscreen mode\n"
		"  -m\tRun in maximized mode\n"
		"  -o\tCreate an opaque surface\n"
		"  -t\tEnable tearing via the tearing_control protocol\n"
		"  -T\tEnable and disable tearing every 5 seconds\n"
		"  -h\tThis help text\n\n");

	exit(error_code);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct sigaction sigint;
	struct display display = {};
	struct window window = {};
	int i, ret = 0;

	window.display = &display;
	display.window = &window;
	window.buffer_size.width  = 250;
	window.buffer_size.height = 250;
	window.window_size = window.buffer_size;
	window.buffer_scale = 1;
	window.buffer_transform = WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL;
	window.needs_buffer_geometry_update = false;
	window.delay = 0;
	window.fullscreen_ratio = false;
	window.vk.present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;

	wl_list_init(&display.output_list);
	wl_list_init(&window.window_output_list);

	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		if (strcmp("-d", argv[i]) == 0 && i+1 < argc)
			window.delay = atoi(argv[++i]);
		else if (strcmp("-p", argv[i]) == 0 && i+1 < argc) {
			window.vk.present_mode = atoi(argv[++i]);
			assert(window.vk.present_mode >= 0 && window.vk.present_mode < 4);
		} else if (strcmp("-f", argv[i]) == 0)
			window.fullscreen = 1;
		else if (strcmp("-r", argv[i]) == 0)
			window.fullscreen_ratio = true;
		else if (strcmp("-m", argv[i]) == 0)
			window.maximized = 1;
		else if (strcmp("-o", argv[i]) == 0)
			window.opaque = 1;
		else if (strcmp("-t", argv[i]) == 0) {
			window.tearing = true;
		} else if (strcmp("-T", argv[i]) == 0) {
			window.tearing = true;
			window.toggled_tearing = true;
		}
		else if (strcmp("-h", argv[i]) == 0)
			usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
		else
			usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	display.display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
	assert(display.display);

	display.registry = wl_display_get_registry(display.display);
	wl_registry_add_listener(display.registry,
				 &registry_listener, &display);

	wl_display_roundtrip(display.display);

	if (!display.wm_base) {
		fprintf(stderr, "xdg-shell support required. simple-vulkan exiting\n");
		goto out_no_xdg_shell;
	}

	create_surface(&window);

	/* we already have wait_for_configure set after create_surface() */
	while (running && ret != -1 && window.wait_for_configure) {
		ret = wl_display_dispatch(display.display);

		/* wait until xdg_surface::configure acks the new dimensions */
		if (window.wait_for_configure)
			continue;

		init_vulkan(&window);
	}

	create_swapchain(&window);

	display.cursor_surface =
		wl_compositor_create_surface(display.compositor);

	sigint.sa_handler = signal_int;
	sigemptyset(&sigint.sa_mask);
	sigint.sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND;
	sigaction(SIGINT, &sigint, NULL);

	while (running && ret != -1) {
		ret = wl_display_dispatch_pending(display.display);
		redraw(&window);
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "simple-vulkan exiting\n");

	destroy_surface(&window);
	destroy_swapchain(&window);
	fini_vulkan(&window);

	wl_surface_destroy(display.cursor_surface);
out_no_xdg_shell:
	display_destroy_outputs(&display);

	if (display.cursor_theme)
		wl_cursor_theme_destroy(display.cursor_theme);

	if (display.shm)
		wl_shm_destroy(display.shm);

	if (display.pointer)
		wl_pointer_destroy(display.pointer);

	if (display.keyboard)
		wl_keyboard_destroy(display.keyboard);

	if (display.touch)
		wl_touch_destroy(display.touch);

	if (display.seat)
		wl_seat_destroy(display.seat);

	if (display.wm_base)
		xdg_wm_base_destroy(display.wm_base);

	if (display.compositor)
		wl_compositor_destroy(display.compositor);

	if (display.tearing_manager)
		wp_tearing_control_manager_v1_destroy(display.tearing_manager);

	if (display.viewporter)
		wp_viewporter_destroy(display.viewporter);

	if (display.fractional_scale_manager)
		wp_fractional_scale_manager_v1_destroy(display.fractional_scale_manager);

	wl_registry_destroy(display.registry);
	wl_display_flush(display.display);
	wl_display_disconnect(display.display);

	return 0;
}