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staging: add color-representation protocol

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This new protocol aims to let clients define the remaining bits of the color
encoding they are using in their buffers.

In particular, this lets clients define the how the alpha has been encoded and
how conversions from YCbCr to RGB take place.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Wick <sebastian.wick@redhat.com>
Co-authored-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Co-authored-by: Robert Mader <robert.mader@collabora.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Wick <sebastian.wick@redhat.com>
Co-authored-by: Simon Ser <contact@emersion.fr>
Co-authored-by: Xaver Hugl <xaver.hugl@kde.org>
This commit is contained in:
Sebastian Wick 2025-04-22 12:47:13 +02:00
parent 4313a51a17
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@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ unstable_protocols = {
staging_protocols = {
'alpha-modifier': ['v1'],
'color-management': ['v1'],
'color-representation': ['v1'],
'commit-timing': ['v1'],
'content-type': ['v1'],
'cursor-shape': ['v1'],

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staging/color-representation/README Normal file
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color-representation protocol
Maintainers:
Simon Ser <contact@emersion.fr>
Sebastian Wick <sebastian@sebastianwick.net>
Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>

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staging/color-representation/color-representation-v1.xml Normal file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<protocol name="color_representation_v1">
<copyright>
Copyright 2022 Simon Ser
Copyright 2022 Red Hat, Inc.
Copyright 2022 Collabora, Ltd.
Copyright 2022-2025 Red Hat, Inc.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
</copyright>
<description summary="color representation protocol extension">
This protocol extension delivers the metadata required to define alpha mode,
the color model, sub-sampling and quantization range used when interpreting
buffer contents. The main use case is defining how the YCbCr family of pixel
formats convert to RGB.
Note that this protocol does not define the colorimetry of the resulting RGB
channels / tristimulus values. Without the help of other extensions the
resulting colorimetry is therefore implementation defined.
If this extension is not used, the color representation used is compositor
implementation defined.
Recommendation ITU-T H.273
"Coding-independent code points for video signal type identification"
shall be referred to as simply H.273 here.
</description>
<interface name="wp_color_representation_manager_v1" version="1">
<description summary="color representation manager singleton">
A singleton global interface used for getting color representation
extensions for wl_surface. The extension interfaces allow setting the
color representation of surfaces.
Compositors should never remove this global.
</description>
<enum name="error">
<description summary="protocol errors"/>
<entry name="surface_exists" value="1"
summary="color representation surface exists already"/>
</enum>
<request name="destroy" type="destructor">
<description summary="destroy the manager">
Destroy the wp_color_representation_manager_v1 object. This does not
affect any other objects in any way.
</description>
</request>
<request name="get_surface">
<description summary="create a color representation interface for a wl_surface">
If a wp_color_representation_surface_v1 object already exists for the
given wl_surface, the protocol error surface_exists is raised.
This creates a new color wp_color_representation_surface_v1 object for
the given wl_surface.
See the wp_color_representation_surface_v1 interface for more details.
</description>
<arg name="id"
type="new_id" interface="wp_color_representation_surface_v1"/>
<arg name="surface"
type="object" interface="wl_surface"/>
</request>
<event name="supported_alpha_mode">
<description summary="supported alpha modes">
When this object is created, it shall immediately send this event once
for each alpha mode the compositor supports.
For the definition of the supported values, see the
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::alpha_mode enum.
</description>
<arg name="alpha_mode"
type="uint" enum="wp_color_representation_surface_v1.alpha_mode"
summary="supported alpha mode"/>
</event>
<event name="supported_coefficients_and_ranges">
<description summary="supported matrix coefficients and ranges">
When this object is created, it shall immediately send this event once
for each matrix coefficient and color range combination the compositor
supports.
For the definition of the supported values, see the
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::coefficients and
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::range enums.
</description>
<arg name="coefficients"
type="uint" enum="wp_color_representation_surface_v1.coefficients"
summary="supported matrix coefficients"/>
<arg name="range"
type="uint" enum="wp_color_representation_surface_v1.range"
summary="full range flag"/>
</event>
<event name="done">
<description summary="all features have been sent">
This event is sent when all supported features have been sent.
</description>
</event>
</interface>
<interface name="wp_color_representation_surface_v1" version="1">
<description summary="color representation extension to a surface">
A wp_color_representation_surface_v1 allows the client to set the color
representation metadata of a surface.
By default, a surface does not have any color representation metadata set.
The reconstruction of R, G, B signals on such surfaces is compositor
implementation defined. The alpha mode is assumed to be
premultiplied_electrical when the alpha mode is unset.
If the wl_surface associated with the wp_color_representation_surface_v1
is destroyed, the wp_color_representation_surface_v1 object becomes inert.
</description>
<enum name="error">
<description summary="protocol errors"/>
<entry name="alpha_mode" value="1"
summary="unsupported alpha mode"/>
<entry name="coefficients" value="2"
summary="unsupported coefficients"/>
<entry name="pixel_format" value="3"
summary="the pixel format and a set value are incompatible"/>
<entry name="inert" value="4"
summary="forbidden request on inert object"/>
</enum>
<request name="destroy" type="destructor">
<description summary="destroy the color representation">
Destroy the wp_color_representation_surface_v1 object.
Destroying this object unsets all the color representation metadata from
the surface. See the wp_color_representation_surface_v1 interface
description for how a compositor handles a surface without color
representation metadata. Unsetting is double-buffered state, see
wl_surface.commit.
</description>
</request>
<enum name="alpha_mode">
<description summary="alpha mode">
Specifies how the alpha channel affects the color channels.
</description>
<entry name="premultiplied_electrical" value="0">
<description summary="premultiplied alpha in electrical values">
Electrical color channel values (after transfer function encoding)
are already multiplied with the alpha channel value.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="premultiplied_optical" value="1">
<description summary="premultiplied alpha in optical values">
Optical color channel values (before transfer function encoding)
are already multiplied with the alpha channel value.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="straight" value="2">
<description summary="straight alpha">
Alpha channel has not been pre-multiplied into color channels.
</description>
</entry>
</enum>
<enum name="coefficients">
<description summary="named coefficients">
Named matrix coefficients used to encode well-known sets of
coefficients. H.273 is the authority, when it comes to the exact values
of coefficients and authoritative specifications, where an equivalent
code point exists.
A value of 0 is invalid and will never be present in the list of enums.
Descriptions do list the specifications for convenience.
</description>
<entry name="identity" value="1">
<description summary="The identity matrix">
Coefficients as defined by
- IEC 61966-2-1 sRGB
- SMPTE ST 428-1 (2019)
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 0.
Compatible with pixel formats of the RGB family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="bt709" value="2">
<description summary="BT.709 matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- Rec. ITU-R BT.709-6
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1361-0 conventional colour gamut system (historical)
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1361-0 conventional colour gamut system and extended
colour gamut system (historical)
- IEC 61966-2-4 xvYCC709
- SMPTE RP 177 (1993) Annex B
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 1.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="fcc" value="3">
<description summary="FCC matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- United States Federal Communications Commission (2003) Title 47
Code of Federal Regulations 73.682 (a) (20)
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 4.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="bt601" value="4">
<description summary="BT.601-7 matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System B, G (historical)
- Rec. ITU-R BT.601-7 625
- Rec. ITU-R BT.601-7 525
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1358-0 625 (historical)
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1358-1 525 or 625 (historical)
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1700-0 625 PAL and 625 SECAM
- Rec. ITU-R BT.1700-0 NTSC
- IEC 61966-2-1 sYCC
- IEC 61966-2-4 xvYCC601
- SMPTE ST 170 (2004)
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 5, 6.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="smpte240" value="5">
<description summary="SMPTE ST 240 matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- RSMPTE ST 240 (1999)
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 7.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="bt2020" value="6">
<description summary="BT.2020 and BT.2100 YCbCr matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- Rec. ITU-R BT.2020-2 (non-constant luminance)
- Rec. ITU-R BT.2100-2 Y′CbCr
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 9.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="bt2020_cl" value="7">
<description summary="BT.2020 matrix coefficients for constant luminance">
Coefficients as defined by
- Rec. ITU-R BT.2020-2 (constant luminance)
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 10.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="ictcp" value="8">
<description summary="BT.2100 ICtCp matrix coefficients">
Coefficients as defined by
- Rec. ITU-R BT.2100-2 ICTCP
Equivalent to H.273 MatrixCoefficients code point 14.
Compatible with pixel formats of the YCbCr family.
</description>
</entry>
</enum>
<enum name="range">
<description summary="Color range values">
Possible color range values.
A value of 0 is invalid and will never be present in the list of enums.
</description>
<entry name="full" value="1" summary="Full color range"/>
<entry name="limited" value="2" summary="Limited color range"/>
</enum>
<enum name="chroma_location">
<description summary="Chroma sample location for 4:2:0 YCbCr">
Chroma sample location as defined by H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType.
A value of 0 is invalid and will never be present in the list of enums.
The descriptions list the matching Vulkan VkChromaLocation combinations
for convenience.
</description>
<entry name="type_0" value="1">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0, vertical offset of 0.5">
Corresponding to VkChromaLocations:
- xChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN
- yChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 0.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="type_1" value="2">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0.5, vertical offset of 0.5">
Corresponding to VkChromaLocations:
- xChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT
- yChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 1.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="type_2" value="3">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0, vertical offset of 0">
Corresponding to VkChromaLocations:
- xChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN
- yChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 2.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="type_3" value="4">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0.5, vertical offset of 0">
Corresponding to VkChromaLocations:
- xChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT
- yChromaOffset: VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 3.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="type_4" value="5">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0, vertical offset of 1">
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 4.
</description>
</entry>
<entry name="type_5" value="6">
<description summary="Horizontal offset of 0.5, vertical offset of 1">
Equivalent to H.273 Chroma420SampleLocType 5.
</description>
</entry>
</enum>
<request name="set_alpha_mode">
<description summary="set the surface alpha mode">
If this protocol object is inert, the protocol error inert is raised.
Assuming an alpha channel exists, it is always linear. The alpha mode
determines whether and how the color channels include pre-multiplied
alpha. Using straight alpha might have performance benefits.
Only alpha modes advertised by the compositor are allowed to be used as
argument for this request. The "alpha_mode" protocol error is raised
otherwise.
Alpha mode is double buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
</description>
<arg name="alpha_mode" type="uint" enum="alpha_mode"
summary="alpha mode"/>
</request>
<request name="set_coefficients_and_range">
<description summary="set the matrix coefficients and range">
If this protocol object is inert, the protocol error inert is raised.
Set the matrix coefficients and video range which defines the formula
and the related constants used to derive red, green and blue signals.
Usually coefficients correspond to MatrixCoefficients code points in
H.273.
Only combinations advertised by the compositor are allowed to be used as
argument for this request. The "coefficients" protocol error is raised
otherwise.
A call to wl_surface.commit verifies that the pixel format and the
coefficients-range combination in the committed surface contents are
compatible, if contents exist. The "pixel_format" protocol error is
raised otherwise.
A pixel format is compatible with the coefficients-range combination if
the related equations and conventions as defined in H.273 can produce
the color channels (RGB or YCbCr) of the pixel format.
For the definition of the supported combination, see the
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::coefficients and
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::range enums.
The coefficients-range combination is double-buffered, see
wl_surface.commit.
</description>
<arg name="coefficients" type="uint" enum="coefficients"
summary="matrix coefficients"/>
<arg name="range" type="uint" enum="range"
summary="range"/>
</request>
<request name="set_chroma_location">
<description summary="set the chroma location">
If this protocol object is inert, the protocol error inert is raised.
Set the chroma location type which defines the position of downsampled
chroma samples, corresponding to Chroma420SampleLocType code points in
H.273.
A call to wl_surface.commit verifies that the pixel format and chroma
location type in the committed surface contents are compatible, if
contents exist. The "pixel_format" protocol error is raised otherwise.
For the definition of the supported chroma location types, see the
wp_color_representation_surface_v1::chroma_location enum.
The chroma location type is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
</description>
<arg name="chroma_location" type="uint" enum="chroma_location"
summary="chroma sample location"/>
</request>
</interface>
</protocol>

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.. Copyright 2022 Red Hat, Inc.
.. contents::
Rec ITU-T H.273
===============
Rec ITU-T H.273 (short H.273) is a Recommendation from the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) with the title "Coding-independent code points for
video signal type identification". All published versions can be found at
https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.273/en.
For a quick introduction to Rec ITU-T H.273 see
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pq/color-and-hdr/-/blob/main/doc/cicp_h273.md.
Code point and pixel format compatibility
=========================================
Certain color representation metadata requires the selected code point to be
compatible with the buffer's pixel format. Which code points are compatible with
which pixel formats depends on the type of metadata.
All ``Chroma420SampleLocType`` chroma location code points are compatible with
4:2:0 subsampled pixel formats. Using a pixel format which is not 4:2:0
subsampled in a commit where a ``Chroma420SampleLocType`` code point is set
results in a protocol error. Clients can unset all code points again by
destroying the wp_color_representation_surface_v1, when they switch to such
formats.
The matrix coefficients' code point and pixel format compatibility is harder to
determine and depends on the specific code point.
The ``MatrixCoefficients`` code points are defined by "Rec ITU-T H.273
Coding-independent code points for video signal type identification". This
document further defines equations which describe how a tristimulus value can be
transformed. Which equations can be applied depends on which
``MatrixCoefficients`` code point is selected and if the ``VideoFullRangeFlag``
is set or not. By applying the applicable equations on a tristimulus value one
or more color encodings can be inferred. This color encoding has three channels
and each of those channels must map to the pixel format of the surface's buffer.
In Rec ITU-T H.273 (07/21) those channels are either R, G and B or Y, Cb and Cr.
Equations numbers used in the examples below are taken from Rec ITU-T H.273
(07/21) and might change in future versions.
For example code point 0: equations 11-13 transform the tristimulus values E\
:sub:`R`, E\ :sub:`G`, E\ :sub:`B` to a non-linear encoding E'\ :sub:`R`, E'\
:sub:`G`, E'\ :sub:`B`. Those can be transformed to an RGB encoding with
equations 20-22 (if the ``VideoFullRangeFlag`` is not set) or 26-28 (if the
``VideoFullRangeFlag`` is set). A YCbCr encoding can be inferred from the RGB
encoding with equations 41-43.
Therefore the code point 0 is compatible only with pixel formats which contain
the RGB or YCbCr color channels. The pixel formats may additionally carry unused
bits, alpha or other channels.
For example code point 1: apply equations 11-13, 38-40 and either 23-25 or 29-31
(depending on the ``VideoFullRangeFlag``) to arrive at the YCbCr encoding. An
RGB encoding cannot be inferred from the applicable equations.
Therefore code point 1 is is compatible only with pixel formats which contain
the YCbCr color channels.
MatrixCoefficients usage
========================
Note that the ``MatrixCoefficients`` equations as defined by Rec ITU-T H.273
describe how the client transforms the tristimulus values to an encoding which
ends up in the buffer it sends to the compositor. Compositors will use the
inverse steps, including the transfer characteristics which are not defined by
this protocol to convert the encoding back to tristimulus values with color
primaries which are also not defined by this protocol.
Some ``MatrixCoefficients`` code points require applying formulas or infering
constants from the transfer characteristics or color primaries of the image.
Compositors should not advertise support for such code points if the client
can't communicate the transfer characteristics and color primaries to the
compositor. Communicating those when needed is left for other Wayland extensions
to be used in conjunction with color-representation.