diff --git a/src/gallium/drivers/zink/zink_program.c b/src/gallium/drivers/zink/zink_program.c
index b83358a59c3..f24a438d051 100644
--- a/src/gallium/drivers/zink/zink_program.c
+++ b/src/gallium/drivers/zink/zink_program.c
@@ -705,7 +705,6 @@ replace_separable_prog(struct zink_screen *screen, struct hash_entry *entry, str
    real->base.removed = false;
    prog->full_prog = NULL;
    prog->base.removed = true;
-   zink_gfx_program_reference(screen, &prog, NULL);
    return real;
 }
 
@@ -1155,6 +1154,8 @@ create_linked_separable_job(void *data, void *gdata, int thread_index)
 {
    struct zink_gfx_program *prog = data;
    prog->full_prog = zink_create_gfx_program(prog->ctx, prog->shaders, 0, prog->gfx_hash);
+   /* add an ownership ref */
+   zink_gfx_program_reference(zink_screen(prog->ctx->base.screen), NULL, prog->full_prog);
    precompile_job(prog->full_prog, gdata, thread_index);
 }
 
@@ -1223,7 +1224,7 @@ create_gfx_program_separable(struct zink_context *ctx, struct zink_shader **stag
    /* We can do this add after the _mesa_set_adds above because we know the prog->shaders[] are 
    * referenced by the draw state and zink_gfx_shader_free() can't be called on them while we're in here.
    */
-   p_atomic_add(&prog->base.reference.count, refs);
+   p_atomic_add(&prog->base.reference.count, refs - 1);
 
    for (int r = 0; r < ARRAY_SIZE(prog->pipelines); ++r) {
       for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prog->pipelines[0]); ++i) {