diff --git a/src/cairo-xlib-xrender.h b/src/cairo-xlib-xrender.h
index f3b3726ef..f5c35dcd4 100644
--- a/src/cairo-xlib-xrender.h
+++ b/src/cairo-xlib-xrender.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 #if CAIRO_HAS_XLIB_SURFACE
 
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/extensions/Xrender.h>
 
 CAIRO_BEGIN_DECLS