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docs: add daemon internal documentation

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Add documentation about the implementation of the daemon.
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Beniamino Galvani 2023-06-27 14:05:42 +02:00
parent 2b8197d0dc
commit 7aeadee8b1
3 changed files with 422 additions and 0 deletions
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NetworkManager daemon
=====================
The following diagram describes the main components of the
NetworkManager daemon. Note that each component is in most cases a
GObject and the names always start with the "NM" prefix, which has
been omitted for clarity.
![](daemon.png "")
## Manager
The main responsibilities of the manager are:
- initialize all known device factories. A device factory contains the
logic detect new devices of a certain type and create the
corresponding object;
- maintain a list of devices created by the factories;
- maintain a list of active connections;
- expose on D-Bus properties, methods and signal on the
`/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager`
[object](../../introspection/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.xml).
## Policy
This object implements some policy decisions that involve multiple
connection profiles, such as:
- it determines what is the best (with lowest metric) active
connection with default route for IPv4 and IPv6;
- it updates the DNS configuration in the DNS manager, also according
to what connection has the best default route;
- it handles the activation of secondary connections when a
connection goes up (see property `connection.secondaries` in
`man nm-settings`);
- it collects IPv6 prefix delegations from active connections, to
distribute them on connections using IPv6 shared mode;
## Settings
This object handles connection profiles; each profile is represented
as a *SettingsConnection* object and is persisted to disk using one of
the existing *SettingsPlugin*s such as keyfile, ifcfg-rh or
ifupdown.
It also controls *SecretAgent*s; an agent is an external service that
registers to NetworkManager as capable of handling requests for new
secrets. For example, when a Wi-Fi connection is activated and the
password is missing or wrong, NetworkManager asks all registered
agents for the missing secrets and then continues with
activation. Examples of tools that register as agents are: nmcli,
nmtui, GNOME shell, the GTK nm-applet and the KDE network applet.
## Devices and device factories
As mentioned before, NetworkManager instantiates device factories to
discover and create new devices. Those factories are internal to the
daemon or provided by a device plugin; a plugin is a dynamic library
(shared object) that is loaded at runtime. NetworkManager uses plugins
for optional functionality that depend on external software. In this
way, it is possible to install a minimal version of NetworkManager
with a limited set of dependencies. As there is no stable API/ABI for
those plugins, they must be built together with the daemonq and
maintained as part of NetworkManager.
Currently the following device types are provided by plugins:
- Wi-Fi (depends on wpa_supplicant)
- OVS (depends on openswitch)
- PPP (depends on pppd)
- Bluetooth (depends on bluez)
- team (depends on teamd)
When a device is activated, it relies on other objects:
- *L3cfg*: controls the IP configuration (address, routes, etc) on a
given ifindex, and also does IPv4 ACD (address conflict detection,
also know as DAD - duplicate address detection);
- *DhcpClient*: performs DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 on the interface; the
object has different implementations;
- *NDisc*: implements IPv6 SLAAC (stateless address
autoconfiguration, RFC 4861 and 4862); it supports acting both as
a host or a router for shared IPv6 mode;
- *LldpListener*: when the profile enables
[LLDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Layer_Discovery_Protocol)
via the `connection.lldp` property, this object sets up a socket
to listen for neighbors;
- *FirewalldManager*: talks with [firewalld](https://firewalld.org/)
to set the interface in the zone specified by the
`connection.zone` property;
- *BondManager*: used to configure bond devices in a special mode
(balance-slb) that requires the creation of nftables rules;
For more information about the implementation of devices, see [this
document](./device.md).
## Platform
*Platform* communicates with kernel to query and update the
configuration of network interfaces; it uses netlink and implements
the crafting and parsing of netlink message by itself without relying
on external libraries such as libnl.
Platform has two subclasses, *PlatformLinux* and a *PlatformFake*. The
former is the one that contain the actual implementation while the
latter is only used for unit testing.
Note how the platform object has an incoming dotted arrow in the
diagram, to represent that the object is used by several other
objects.
As mentioned, the purposes of platform are:
- perform operations such as adding or removing links, addresses,
routes, routing rules and other kernel entities
- allow querying the current state of the kernel configuration. To do
so, platform listens to kernel notifications and parses them to
build a cache of `NMPObject`s that is always up to date.
NMPObject and its subtypes are also used through the core to represent
information about addresses, routes, etc. Thus the cache of NMPlatform
contains the currently configured objects in the netlink API, while
other NMPObject instances are used for other tracking purposes.
For these purposes platform uses two sockets, one with protocol
NETLINK_ROUTE for regular operations about links, addresses, routes,
etc. and a NETLINK_GENERIC socket to configure Wireguard and MPTCP.
## Other objects
The diagram shows other objects on the right side:
- *DnsManager*: merges all the DNS data received by multiple
interfaces and updates the system configuration. Besides directly
writing `/etc/resolv.conf`, it supports updating
`systemd-resolved` and `dnsmasq` via plugins.
- *HostnameManager*: implements reading and updating the system
hostname; by default it tries to do that by talking to
[systemd-hostnamed](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/hostnamed/)
via D-Bus; in case it's not available, the hostname manager falls
back to reading and writing `/etc/hostname` directly.
- *RfkillManager*: enumerates RFKill devices and controls their status. See also
the [related page](https://networkmanager.dev/docs/rfkill/) on the website.
- *AuthManager*: is used to authenticate the API requests received by
the daemon. The authentication is done via
[Polkit](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/polkit.8.html)
- *DbusManager*: creates a connection to the system D-Bus instance
and allows exporting objects
- *SleepMonitor*: gets notifications for sleep and wake events by
registering to the available subsystem provided by the distro such
as systemd-logind, upower or ConsoleKit.
- *SessionMonitor*: tracks which users have an active session by
using systemd-logind, elogind or ConsoleKit.
- *Dispatcher*: takes care of spawning dispatcher scripts by talking
to the `nm-dispatcher` service via D-Bus.

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